Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, tseem hu ua surge protector lossis SPD, yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas yuav tshwm sim hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.

Thaum twg tam sim no nce tam sim no los yog voltage yog tsim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob Circuit Court los yog kev sib txuas lus Circuit Court raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm sab nraud cuam tshuam, lub surge tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv yuav ua thiab shunt nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, tiv thaiv lub surge los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lwm yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. .

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov (SPDs) yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam thiab txhim kho kev ntseeg tau.

Lawv feem ntau ntsia tau rau hauv cov vaj huam sib luag xa tawm thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov haujlwm du thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ntau hom kev siv los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub dhau ib ntus overvoltage.

Ib qho SPD ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv mus deb ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv.Nws feem ntau muaj cov hlau oxide varistors (MOVs) lossis cov roj tso tawm cov raj uas nqus cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab hloov mus rau hauv av, yog li tiv thaiv cov khoom siv txuas nrog.

Lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj, suav nrog xob laim hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, kev xaim tsis raug, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab.Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv lub tsev, xws li kev pib ntawm lub cev muaj zog lossis kev hloov ntawm / tawm ntawm cov khoom siv loj.

Txhim kho SPD tuaj yeem muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig, suav nrog:

Kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob surges.

Tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv poob lossis kev noj nyiaj txiag hauv computer systems.

Extension ntawm lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob.

Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.

Kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub siab paub tias koj cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig raug tiv thaiv.

Lub neej ntev ntawm SPD tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm seb yam zoo li nws qhov zoo, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov nws ntsib, thiab kev saib xyuas.Feem ntau, SPDs muaj lub neej ntev li ntawm 5 txog 10 xyoo.Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug pom zoo kom tsis tu ncua tshuaj xyuas thiab kuaj SPDs thiab hloov lawv raws li qhov xav tau los xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.

Qhov kev xav tau ntawm SPDs yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw xws li thaj chaw, cov kev cai hauv zos, thiab qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas.Nws raug nquahu kom sab laj ib tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob lossis tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob los ntsuas koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab txiav txim siab seb qhov SPD puas tsim nyog rau koj qhov hluav taws xob.

Ob peb yam surge-tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim SPDs yog hlau oxide varistors (MOVs), avalanche tawg diodes (ABDs - yav tas los hu ua silicon avalanche diodes los yog SADs), thiab cov roj tso tawm (GDTs).MOVs yog cov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv AC fais fab circuits.Qhov kev ntsuas tam sim no ntawm ib qho MOV muaj feem cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntu ntu thiab nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw hla ntu, qhov siab dua qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm lub cuab yeej.MOVs feem ntau yog puag ncig los yog duab geometry tab sis tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug plethora ntawm tus qauv qhov ntev xws li 7 hli (0.28 nti) rau 80 hli (3.15 nti).Qhov kev ntsuas tam sim no ntawm cov surge tiv thaiv cov khoom sib txawv sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.Raws li tau tham ua ntej hauv cov nqe lus no, los ntawm kev sib txuas cov MOVs nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas, qhov nce tam sim no tus nqi tuaj yeem suav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kev ntsuas tam sim no ntawm tus neeg MOVs ua ke kom tau txais qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm cov array.Hauv kev ua li ntawd, yuav tsum xav txog kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Muaj ntau qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom siv dab tsi, dab tsi topology, thiab kev xa tawm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb ua rau SPD zoo tshaj plaws rau kev hloov pauv tam sim no.Hloov chaw ntawm kev nthuav qhia tag nrho cov kev xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas qhov kev sib tham ntawm surge tam sim no ntsuam xyuas, Nominal Discharge Current Rating, los yog surge tam sim no muaj peev xwm tig mus ncig cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kev ua tau zoo.Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim, lossis cov qauv siv tshuab tshwj xeeb, qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov SPD muaj qhov ntsuas tam sim no lossis Nominal Discharge Current Rating uas tsim nyog rau daim ntawv thov.

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tam sim no ntawm IET Cov Kev Cai Txuas Hluav Taws Xob, BS 7671: 2018, hais tias tshwj tsis yog kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ua tiav, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ib ntus overvoltage yuav tsum tau muab qhov uas qhov tshwm sim los ntawm overvoltage tuaj yeem:

Ua rau muaj kev raug mob hnyav rau, lossis poob ntawm tib neeg lub neej;los yog

Ua rau cuam tshuam cov kev pabcuam pej xeem thiab / lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam kab lis kev cai;los yog

Ua rau cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam;los yog

Muaj feem cuam tshuam rau coob tus neeg nyob sib koom.

Txoj cai no siv tau rau txhua yam ntawm thaj chaw uas suav nrog hauv tsev, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.

Txawm hais tias IET Cov Kev Cai Txuas Hluav Taws Xob tsis rov qab los, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa uas tau tsim thiab ntsia rau yav dhau los ntawm IET Wiring Regulations, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov hloov kho Circuit Court ua raws li qhov tseeb. ib tsab, qhov no tsuas yog yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias SPDs raug teeb tsa los tiv thaiv tag nrho cov kev teeb tsa.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab seb puas yuav yuav SPDs yog nyob rau ntawm tus neeg siv khoom txhais tes, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv txaus los txiav txim siab seb lawv puas xav tshem tawm SPDs.Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas tus nqi ntawm SPDs, uas yuav raug nqi tsawg li ob peb puas phaus, tiv thaiv tus nqi hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv txuas nrog xws li khoos phis tawj, TVs thiab cov khoom tsim nyog, Piv txwv li, kev kuaj pom cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov boiler tswj.

Kev tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom uas twb muaj lawm yog tias qhov chaw tsim nyog muaj nyob hauv lub cev lossis, yog tias tsis muaj chaw txaus, nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv ib qho chaw sab nraud uas nyob ib sab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas twb muaj lawm.

Nws tseem tsim nyog kuaj xyuas nrog koj lub tuam txhab pov hwm vim qee cov cai yuav hais tias cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau them nrog SPD lossis lawv yuav tsis them nyiaj thaum muaj kev thov.

Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (feem ntau hu ua kev tiv thaiv xob laim) raug soj ntsuam raws li IEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 subdivision xob tiv thaiv txoj kev xav, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov muab faib.Cov kev cai thiab kev ua haujlwm txawv.Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thawj theem yog nruab nrab ntawm thaj tsam 0-1, siab rau qhov yuav tsum tau khiav, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau ntawm IEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 yog Itotal (10/350) 12.5 ka, thiab qhov thib ob thiab thib peb theem yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm thaj tsam 1-2 thiab 2-3, feem ntau yog txhawm rau txhawm rau overvoltage.

Surge tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej (SPDs) yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hluav taws xob overvoltage uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, lub sijhawm poob qis, thiab cov ntaub ntawv poob.

Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hloov lossis kho tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li tsev kho mob, cov chaw zov me nyuam, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam.

Circuit Court breakers thiab fuses tsis yog tsim los tswj cov xwm txheej siab zog, ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntxiv.

Thaum SPDs tau tsim tshwj xeeb los hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob dhau mus deb ntawm cov khoom siv, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab ua rau nws lub neej ntev.

Hauv kev xaus, SPDs yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam niaj hnub no.

SPD Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tom qab SPDs yog tias lawv muab txoj hauv kev qis impedance rau hauv av rau qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau.Thaum qhov hluav taws xob nce siab lossis nce siab, SPDs ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab tam sim no mus rau hauv av.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau qis dua mus rau qib kev nyab xeeb uas tsis ua rau cov cuab yeej txuas nrog.

Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv surge yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho tsis-linear tivthaiv (varistor lossis spark gap), uas nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm lub xeev siab thiab qis impedance.

Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog hloov pauv qhov tso tawm lossis impulse tam sim no thiab txwv cov overvoltage ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab.

Surge tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm raws li peb qhov xwm txheej hauv qab no.

A. Ib txwm mob (tsis muaj qhov nce siab)

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis muaj surges, lub SPD tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub system thiab ua raws li ib tug qhib Circuit Court, nws tseem nyob rau hauv lub siab impedance.

B. Thaum lub sij hawm voltage surges

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm voltage spikes thiab surges, SPD tsiv mus rau lub conduction lub xeev thiab nws impedance txo.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nws yuav tiv thaiv lub system los ntawm diverting lub impulse tam sim no rau hauv av.

C. Rov qab mus ua haujlwm li qub

Tom qab lub overvoltage tau tawm lawm, SPD hloov rov qab mus rau nws lub xeev siab impedance.

Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Txawm li cas los xij, xaiv qhov tsim nyog SPD rau koj lub cev yuav yog qhov teeb meem nyuaj.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm voltage (UC)

Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm SPD yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog rau lub kaw lus.Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob qis dua yuav ua rau lub cuab yeej puas thiab qhov ntsuas siab dua yuav tsis hloov mus rau qhov zoo.

Teb Sijhawm

Nws yog piav raws li lub sij hawm ntawm SPD reacts rau cov transients.Qhov SPD teb sai dua, qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo dua los ntawm SPD.Feem ntau, Zener diode raws li SPDs muaj cov lus teb ceev tshaj plaws.Gas-filled hom muaj lub sij hawm teb qeeb thiab fuses thiab MOV hom muaj lub sij hawm teb qeeb tshaj plaws.

Nominal tawm tam sim no (hauv)

SPD yuav tsum tau kuaj ntawm 8/20μs waveform thiab tus nqi raug rau thaj chaw me me SPD yog 20kA.

Maximum impulse tawm tam sim no (Iimp)

Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov siab tshaj plaws surge tam sim no uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub network faib los xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis poob thaum lub sij hawm ib ntus tshwm sim thiab cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau sim nrog 10/350μs waveform.

Clamping Voltage

Qhov no yog qhov pib qhov hluav taws xob thiab siab dua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob no, SPD pib clamp txhua qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv uas nws pom hauv kab hluav taws xob.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab ntawv pov thawj

Xaiv ib qho SPD los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom muaj npe nrov uas muaj ntawv pov thawj los ntawm qhov chaw sim tsis ncaj ncees, xws li UL lossis IEC, yog qhov tseem ceeb.Cov ntawv pov thawj tau lees paub tias cov khoom tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab dhau tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg.

Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem sizing no yuav ua rau koj xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws surge tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv rau koj cov kev xav tau thiab lav zoo surge tiv thaiv.

Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (SPDs) yog tsim los muab kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv overvoltages, tab sis qee yam tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tsis ua haujlwm.Hauv qab no yog qee qhov laj thawj hauv qab SPDs tsis ua haujlwm:

1. Ntau lub zog surges

Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm SPD tsis ua haujlwm yog overvoltage, overvoltage tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog xob laim, hluav taws xob surges, lossis lwm yam hluav taws xob cuam tshuam.Nco ntsoov nruab qhov zoo ntawm SPD tom qab tsim kev xam raws li qhov chaw.

2.Txoj kev laus

Vim muaj tej yam kev mob xws li kub thiab av noo, SPDs muaj ib tug txwv txee lub neej thiab tej zaum yuav deteriorate sij hawm.Tsis tas li ntawd, SPDs tuaj yeem raug mob los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob nquag.

3. Cov teeb meem kev teeb tsa

Misconfigured, xws li thaum lub wye-configured SPD yog txuas mus rau ib tug load uas yog kev cob cog rua ntawm ib tug delta.Qhov no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm SPD mus rau qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau SPD tsis ua haujlwm.

4.Component tsis ua hauj lwm

SPDs muaj ntau yam, xws li hlau oxide varistors (MOVs), uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav vim kev tsim khoom lossis ib puag ncig.

5. Kev siv av tsis raug

Rau qhov SPD ua haujlwm kom raug, kev siv av yog tsim nyog.SPD tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb yog tias nws tsis raug cai.