Chipangizo choteteza ma surge, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti surge protector kapena SPD, chapangidwa kuti chiteteze zida zamagetsi kuti zisawonjezeke pamagetsi omwe angachitike pamagetsi.

Nthawi zonse kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi kwamakono kapena magetsi kumapangidwa mu dera lamagetsi kapena dera loyankhulirana chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa kwakunja, chipangizo chotetezera mawotchiwo chikhoza kuyendetsa ndikugwedezeka mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri, kulepheretsa kuti mawotchiwo asawononge zipangizo zina mu dera. .

Zida zodzitetezera ku Surge (SPDs) ndi njira yotsika mtengo yopewera kuzimitsa ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwadongosolo.

Nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'magulu ogawa ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zikuyenda bwino komanso zosasokonezeka m'mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana pochepetsa kuwonjezereka kwachangu.

SPD imagwira ntchito popatutsa magetsi ochulukirapo kuchokera kumayendedwe osakhalitsa kutali ndi zida zotetezedwa.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma metal oxide varistors (MOVs) kapena machubu otulutsa mpweya omwe amamwetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo ndikuyitumiza pansi, potero kuteteza zida zolumikizidwa.

Kuwomba kwamagetsi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kugunda kwa mphezi, kusintha kwa gridi yamagetsi, mawaya olakwika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri.Zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwanyumba, monga kuyambika kwa ma mota kapena kuyatsa/kuzimitsa zida zazikulu.

Kuyika SPD kungapereke maubwino angapo, kuphatikiza:

Kutetezedwa kwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa magetsi.

Kupewa kutayika kwa data kapena katangale pamakina apakompyuta.

Kukulitsa moyo wa zida ndi zida poziteteza ku kusokonezeka kwamagetsi.

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha moto wamagetsi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi.

Mtendere wamumtima podziwa kuti zida zanu zamtengo wapatali zimatetezedwa.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa SPD kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wake, kuopsa kwa maopaleshoni omwe amakumana nawo, komanso momwe amakonzera.Nthawi zambiri, ma SPD amakhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 10.Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndikuyesa ma SPD ndikuwasintha ngati pakufunika kuti mutetezedwe bwino.

Kufunika kwa ma SPD kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera malo, malamulo amderalo, komanso kukhudzika kwa zida zamagetsi zolumikizidwa.Ndikoyenera kukaonana ndi katswiri wamagetsi kapena injiniya wamagetsi kuti awone zosowa zanu zenizeni ndikuwona ngati SPD ndiyofunikira pamagetsi anu.

Zigawo zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma SPD ndi ma metal oxide varistors (MOVs), ma avalanche breakdown diode (ABDs - omwe kale amadziwika kuti silicon avalanche diode kapena SADs), ndi machubu otulutsa mpweya (GDTs).MOVs ndi teknoloji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza mabwalo amagetsi a AC.Kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa kwa MOV kumagwirizana ndi gawo la magawo osiyanasiyana komanso kapangidwe kake.Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa gawo la magawo osiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chikhale chokwera kwambiri.Ma MOV nthawi zambiri amakhala a geometry yozungulira kapena yamakona anayi koma amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa miyeso yokhazikika kuyambira 7 mm (0.28 inchi) mpaka 80 mm (3.15 inchi).Mawonekedwe apano a zida zodzitchinjiriza izi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera wopanga.Monga tafotokozera kale m'ndimeyi, polumikiza ma MOVs mumndandanda wofananira, mtengo wamakono ukhoza kuwerengedwa pongowonjezera mawerengedwe amakono a MOVs payekha kuti apeze kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha gululo.Pochita izi, kuyenera kuganiziridwa pakugwirizanitsa ntchito.

Pali zongopeka zambiri pazomwe zili, topology, komanso kutumizidwa kwaukadaulo winawake kumatulutsa SPD yabwino kwambiri yopatutsira maopaleshoni apano.M'malo mopereka zosankha zonse, ndikwabwino kuti zokambirana za kuchuluka kwaposachedwa, Nominal Discharge Current Rating, kapena kuthekera kwaposachedwa kuzungulire data yoyeserera.Mosasamala kanthu za zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, kapena makina enieni omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, chofunika ndi chakuti SPD ili ndi kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kapena Nominal Discharge Current Rating yomwe ili yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kusindikiza kwaposachedwa kwa IET Wiring Regulations, BS 7671: 2018, ikunena kuti pokhapokha ngati kuwunika kwachiwopsezo kukuchitika, chitetezo ku kupitilira kwanthawi yayitali chidzaperekedwa pomwe zotsatira zobwera chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira zitha:

Zotsatira za kuvulala koopsa, kapena kutaya moyo wa munthu;kapena

Zotsatira za kusokonezeka kwa ntchito za boma ndi / kapena kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe;kapena

Zotsatira za kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zamalonda kapena mafakitale;kapena

Zimakhudza anthu ambiri omwe amakhala pamodzi.

Lamuloli likugwira ntchito kumitundu yonse ya malo omwe akuphatikizapo nyumba, malonda ndi mafakitale.

Ngakhale malamulo a IET Wiring Regulations sakubwerera m'mbuyo, pomwe ntchito ikugwiridwa pa dera lomwe lilipo mkati mwa kukhazikitsa komwe kudapangidwa ndikuyika ku mtundu wakale wa IET Wiring Regulations, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti dera losinthidwa likugwirizana ndi zaposachedwa. kope, izi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa ngati ma SPD ayikidwa kuti ateteze kuyika konse.

Chisankho chogula ma SPD chili m'manja mwa kasitomala, koma ayenera kupatsidwa chidziwitso chokwanira kuti apange chisankho chodziwitsa ngati akufuna kusiya ma SPD.Chigamulo chiyenera kupangidwa potengera zomwe zingawononge chitetezo ndikutsatira kuwunika kwa mtengo wa SPDs, zomwe zingawononge ndalama zokwana mapaundi mazana angapo, motsutsana ndi mtengo wa kukhazikitsa magetsi ndi zipangizo zolumikizidwa nazo monga makompyuta, ma TV ndi zipangizo zofunika, mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira utsi ndi kuwongolera zowotchera.

Chitetezo cha surge chikhoza kuikidwa mu chipinda cha ogula chomwe chilipo ngati malo oyenera alipo kapena, ngati malo okwanira palibe, akhoza kuikidwa m'chipinda chakunja pafupi ndi ogula omwe alipo.

Ndikoyeneranso kuyang'ana ndi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi popeza mfundo zina zimatha kunena kuti zida ziyenera kukhala ndi SPD kapena sizingakulipire pakadzafunsidwa.

Kuyika kwachitetezo cha mphezi (yomwe imadziwika kuti chitetezo cha mphezi) imawunikidwa molingana ndi IEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 chiphunzitso chachitetezo cha mphezi, chomwe chimayikidwa polumikizira magawano.Zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi ntchito zimasiyana.Chida choyamba choteteza mphezi chimayikidwa pakati pa 0-1 zone, yokwera pakufunika koyenda, zofunika zochepa za IEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 ndi Itotal (10/350) 12.5 ka, ndipo yachiwiri ndi yachitatu. Miyezo imayikidwa pakati pa 1-2 ndi 2-3 zone, makamaka kupondereza kuchulukirachulukira.

Zida zoteteza ma Surge protective (SPDs) ndizofunikira pakuteteza zida zamagetsi kuzinthu zoyipa zomwe zimatha kuwononga, kutsika kwadongosolo, ndi kutayika kwa data.

Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wosinthira zida kapena kukonza ukhoza kukhala wofunikira, makamaka pazofunikira kwambiri monga zipatala, malo opangira data, ndi mafakitale aku mafakitale.

Zophulitsa ma circuit ndi ma fuse sizinapangidwe kuti zizitha kuthana ndi zochitika zamphamvu izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chowonjezera pakuchita opaleshoni chikhale chofunikira.

Ngakhale ma SPD amapangidwa makamaka kuti azitha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi kutali ndi zida, kuziteteza kuti zisawonongeke ndikutalikitsa moyo wake.

Pomaliza, ma SPD ndi ofunikira m'malo aukadaulo amakono.

Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya SPD

Mfundo yayikulu kumbuyo kwa ma SPD ndikuti amapereka njira yotsika yotsekera pansi pamagetsi ochulukirapo.Pamene ma spikes amagetsi kapena ma surges achitika, ma SPD amagwira ntchito popatutsa magetsi ochulukirapo ndi omwe alipo pansi.

Mwanjira iyi, kukula kwa voteji yomwe ikubwera imatsitsidwa mpaka pamlingo wotetezeka womwe suwononga chipangizocho.

Kuti mugwire ntchito, chipangizo choteteza maopaleshoni chiyenera kukhala ndi gawo limodzi lopanda mzere (a varistor kapena spark gap), lomwe pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana limasintha pakati pa malo okwera ndi otsika.

Ntchito yawo ndikupatutsa kutulutsa kapena mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kuchulukira kwamagetsi pazida zakutsika.

Zida zoteteza ma Surge zimagwira ntchito pamitu itatu yomwe yalembedwa pansipa.

A. Normal Condition (kusapezeka kwa maopaleshoni)

Ngati palibe opaleshoni, SPD ilibe mphamvu pa dongosololi ndipo imakhala ngati dera lotseguka, imakhalabe m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

B. Panthawi yamagetsi

Pakakhala ma spikes amagetsi ndi ma surges, SPD imasunthira kumalo opangira ndipo kusokoneza kwake kumachepa.Mwanjira iyi, idzateteza dongosololi popatutsa mphamvu yapano pansi.

C. Bwererani kuntchito yachibadwa

Kuchuluka kwamagetsi kutatha, SPD idasinthiratu ku chikhalidwe chake chokhazikika.

Ma Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) ndizofunikira kwambiri pamanetiweki amagetsi.Komabe, kusankha SPD yoyenera pa dongosolo lanu kungakhale vuto lalikulu.

Maximum continuous operating voltage (UC)

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya SPD iyenera kugwirizana ndi magetsi amagetsi kuti apereke chitetezo choyenera ku dongosolo.Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kungawononge chipangizocho ndipo chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba sichingapatutse nthawi yoyenera.

Nthawi Yoyankha

Imafotokozedwa ngati nthawi ya SPD imakhudzidwa ndi zodutsa.Kuyankha kwachangu kwa SPD, kumapangitsa chitetezo cha SPD kukhala chabwino.Nthawi zambiri, ma SPD a Zener diode amayankha mwachangu kwambiri.Mitundu yodzadza ndi gasi imakhala ndi nthawi yoyankha pang'onopang'ono komanso ma fuse ndipo mitundu ya MOV imakhala ndi nthawi yofulumira kwambiri kuyankha.

Kutulutsa mwadzina (Mu)

SPD iyenera kuyesedwa pa 8/20μs waveform ndipo mtengo wake wa SPD yaying'ono ndi 20kA.

Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwambiri Panopa (Iimp)

Chipangizocho chikuyenera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu komwe kukuyembekezeka pa network yogawa kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizikulephera pakanthawi kochepa ndipo chipangizocho chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi 10/350μs waveform.

Kuchepetsa Voltage

Awa ndi voteji ndipo pamwamba pa mulingo wamagetsi awa, SPD imayamba kutsekereza voteji iliyonse yomwe imazindikira pamzere wamagetsi.

Wopanga ndi Ma Certification

Kusankha SPD kuchokera kwa wopanga odziwika yemwe ali ndi ziphaso kuchokera kumalo oyesera opanda tsankho, monga UL kapena IEC, ndikofunikira.Chitsimikizocho chimatsimikizira kuti chinthucho chawunikidwa ndikudutsa zofunikira zonse ndi chitetezo.

Kumvetsetsa malangizowa kudzakuthandizani kusankha chida chabwino kwambiri chotetezera maopaleshoni pazosowa zanu ndikukutsimikizirani chitetezo chogwira ntchito pa opaleshoni.

Zida zoteteza ma Surge protective (SPDs) zidapangidwa kuti zipereke chitetezo chodalirika kumagetsi opitilira nthawi yayitali, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwawo.Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazifukwa zomwe zachititsa kuti ma SPD alephereke:

1.Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu za kulephera kwa SPD ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi, kuphulika kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi, kukwera kwamagetsi, kapena kusokonezeka kwina kwamagetsi.Onetsetsani kuti mwayika mtundu woyenera wa SPD mutatha kuwerengera koyenera malinga ndi malo.

2.Kukalamba

Chifukwa cha chilengedwe kuphatikiza kutentha ndi chinyezi, ma SPD amakhala ndi alumali ochepa ndipo amatha kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi.Kuphatikiza apo, ma SPD amatha kuvulazidwa ndi ma spikes pafupipafupi.

3.Nkhani zosintha

Zosasinthika, monga pamene SPD yokonzedwa ndi wye imalumikizidwa ndi katundu womwe umalumikizidwa kudzera pa delta.Izi zitha kuwulula SPD ku ma voltages okulirapo, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa SPD.

4.Kulephera kwagawo

Ma SPD ali ndi zigawo zingapo, monga metal oxide varistors (MOVs), zomwe zimatha kulephera chifukwa cha zolakwika zopanga kapena zachilengedwe.

5.Kuyika pansi kosayenera

Kuti SPD igwire bwino ntchito, kukhazikika ndikofunikira.SPD ikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino kapena kukhala yodetsa nkhawa ngati ilibe maziko.