Igikoresho cyo gukingura ikingira, kizwi kandi nka surge Umurinzi cyangwa spd, yagenewe kurinda ibice by'amashanyarazi birwanya eletage bishobora kubaho mukarere k'amashanyarazi.

Igihe cyose kwiyongera gutunguranye mubigezweho cyangwa voltage bikozwe mumuzunguruko cyangwa inyubako zitumanaho nkigisubizo cyo kwivanga hanze, igikoresho cyo kurengera cyo kurega gishobora gutera no guhagarika kwiyongera kwangiza ibindi bikoresho mumuzunguruko .

Ibikoresho byo gukingira bikinga (SPDs) nuburyo buhebuje bwo gukumira imirongo no kuzamura gahunda yo kwizerwa.

Mubisanzwe byashizwemo imbaho ​​yo kugabura no gukina uruhare runini mugukomeza imikorere yoroshye kandi idahagarikwa kubikoresho bya elegitoronike muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu mu kugabanya inzibacyuho.

Imikorere ya spd muguhuza voltage ikabije kuva yiheruka kwimuka kure yibikoresho birinzwe. Mubisanzwe bigizwe na varide yicyuma (mogs) cyangwa gusohora gaze imiyoboro ikuramo voltage irenze kandi ikayishyikiriza ubutaka, bityo ikabishyikiriza ibikoresho, yo kurinda ibikoresho bihujwe.

Imbaraga zirashobora kubaho kubera impamvu zitandukanye, harimo n'indabyo zitandukanye, amashanyarazi ya grid y'amashanyarazi, insinga idakwiye, hamwe n'ibikoresho byinshi by'amashanyarazi. Barashobora kandi guterwa nibikorwa bibera imbere mu nyubako, nko gutangira moteri cyangwa guhinduranya kuri / kuzimya ibikoresho binini.

Gushiraho SPD birashobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi, harimo:

Kurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yoroshye byo kwangiza voltage.

Gukumira igihombo cyamakuru cyangwa ruswa muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa.

Kwagura ubuzima bwiza bwibikoresho nibikoresho ubarinda imvururu z'amashanyarazi.

Kugabanya ibyago byo kuragira amashanyarazi biterwa n'imbaraga ziyongera.

Amahoro yo mumutima azi ko ibikoresho byawe by'agaciro birinzwe.

Ubuzima bwa spd burashobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu nkubwiza bwayo, uburemere bwo gukaza guhura, nuburyo bwo kubungabunga. Mubisanzwe, spds ifite ubuzima bwubuzima kuva mumyaka 5 kugeza 10. Ariko, birasabwa gukurikiranwa na buri gihe hamwe na spds hanyuma ubisimbuze nkuko bikenewe kugirango urinde neza.

Gukenera spds birashobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu nkikibanza cya geografiya, amabwiriza yaho, nuburyo bwo kwiyumvisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Nibyiza kugisha inama amashanyarazi cyangwa injeniyeri yujuje ibisabwa kugirango asuzume ibyo ukeneye byihariye kandi amenye niba ari ngombwa kugirango amashanyarazi yawe.

Ibigize bike byo kwizihiza bikoreshwa mugukora spds ni imva yicyuma (mobs), viode ya Avalanche (Abds - yahoze yitwa Silicon Avalanche Diedes cyangwa ibi birababaje), na gaze ibiganiro bya gaze (GDT). Movs ni tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane kugirango irinde imirongo ya ac. Urutonde rwubu buryo rwa mon rufitanye isano nigice-cyambukiranya igice hamwe nibigize. Muri rusange, nini nini yambukiranya igice, hejuru yo kwiyongera kubikoresho. Muri rusange hari geometrie izengurutse cyangwa urukiramende ariko uze mubipimo bisanzwe byimiterere ya mm (0,28 santimetero 0,28 kugeza 80 (3.15 santimetero 80). Urutonde rwibimenyetso byubu buryo bwo kwikingira bitandukana cyane kandi biterwa nuwabikoze. Nkuko byaganiriweho mbere muriyi ngingo, muguhuza mobile muburyo bubangikanye, kubaga agaciro ubungubu birashobora kubarwa no kongeramo amanota ya motution ya motution ya motution kugirango ibone igipimo cyurugero. Mugukora ibi, hagomba gutangwa guhuza ibikorwa byo gukora.

Hariho hypotheses nyinshi kubigize, ni ubuhe bwoko, no kohereza ikoranabuhanga ryihariye bitanga imbaho ​​nziza ku buryo bwiza bwo kwiyongera. Aho kwerekana amahitamo yose, nibyiza ko ibiganiro byo kwiyongera, nominal gusohora uruhara ahari, cyangwa kwiyongera kubuntu kubijyanye nubushobozi bugezweho. Tutitaye kubice bikoreshwa mugushushanya, cyangwa imiterere yihariye yoherejwe, ni ikihe kintu nuko spd ifite urutonde cyangwa urutoki rwo hasi rukwiriye gusaba.

Inyandiko iriho yo kurwanaho kw'ibihugu, BS 7671: 2018: 2018

Bivamo gukomeretsa bikomeye, cyangwa gutakaza ubuzima bwabantu; cyangwa

Bivamo guhagarika serivisi rusange na / cyangwa kwangiza umurage ndangamuco; cyangwa

Ibisubizo muguhagarika ibikorwa byubucuruzi cyangwa inganda; cyangwa

Ingaruka Umubare munini wabana bato.

Aya mabwiriza akoreshwa muburyo bwose bwibibanza birimo gukora murugo, ubucuruzi ninganda.

Mugihe amafaranga yinyoni ya mbere ntabwo asubizwa inyuma, aho akazi karimo imirimo ihari mu ishyirwaho ryateguwe kandi rigomba gushyirwaho ku mabwiriza y'ikirere ya IET, birakenewe ko hashyirwaho integuza yahinduwe yujuje ibigezweho Inyandiko, ibi bizaba ingirakamaro gusa niba spds yashizweho kugirango irinde kwishyiriraho byose.

Icyemezo cyo kugura niba cyo kugura spd kiri mumaboko yumukiriya, ariko bigomba guhabwa amakuru ahagije yo gufata icyemezo kimenyeshejwe niba bifuza gusiba aba spds. Icyemezo kigomba gufatwa gishingiye ku bintu byumutekano no gukurikira isuzuma ryabaciro, rishobora gutwara nka pound magana Kurugero, gutahura umwotsi no kugenzura boiler.

Kurinda Kugabanye birashobora gushyirwaho mu gice cy'abaguzi buriho niba hari umwanya ukwiye wabonetse cyangwa, niba umwanya uhagije utabonetse, ushobora gushyirwaho mu kigo cyo hanze cyegeranye.

Birakwiye kandi kugenzura hamwe na societe yawe yubwishingizi nkuko politiki imwe nimwe ishobora kuvuga ko ibikoresho bigomba gutwikirwa hamwe na spd cyangwa ntibazishyura mugihe habaye ikirego.

Gutanga umurinzi uhari (Uzwi kukurinda inkuba) birasuzumwa ukurikije IEC 61643-31 & En 50539-11 Kumurika Inkuba yo kurinda ITitamo. Ibisabwa bya tekiniki n'imikorere biratandukanye. Igikoresho-cyimivumbi ya mbere yo kurinda hagati yakarere 0-1, hejuru kubisabwa, ibyimurwa bya IET 61643-31 Urwego rwashyizweho hagati ya 1-2 na 2-3, cyane cyane kugirango duhagarike byinshi.

Ibikoresho byo gukingira bikinga (SPDs) ni ngombwa mu kurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ingaruka mbi ziterwa ninzitizi zidasanzwe zishobora gutera ibyangiritse, sisitemu yo gutabara.

Mubihe byinshi, ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho cyangwa gusana birashobora kuba ngombwa, cyane cyane mubutumwa - porogaramu zinegura nkibitaro, ibigo byamakuru, nibihingwa byinganda.

Abamena imizutsi hamwe na fus ntabwo bagenewe gukemura ibyo bintu byingufu nyinshi, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kwiyongera.

Mugihe spds yagenewe kwigana impita yihejuru kure yibikoresho, kuyirinda kwangirika no kurogereza ubuzima bwayo.

Mu gusoza, amasura ni ngombwa mu bidukikije by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Ihame ryakazi

Ihame ryibanze inyuma ya spds nuko batanga inzira yo hasi kubutaka kugirango babone voltage irenze. Iyo voltage spike cyangwa imyigaragambyo bibaye, spds ikora muguhuza voltage irenze hamwe nubutaka.

Muri ubu buryo, ubunini bwa voltage yinjira yamanuwe kurwego rwumutekano utangiza igikoresho.

Gukora, igikoresho cyo kurengera cyo kwiyongera kigomba kuba gifite byibuze ibice bimwe bitari umurongo (varusitor cyangwa igikona), kiba mubihe bitandukanye byinzibacyuho hagati ya leta ndende kandi yo hasi.

Imikorere yabo ni ugutandukanya gusohora cyangwa impulse ubungubu no kugabanya ibyishimo byinshi ku bikoresho byo hasi.

Ibikoresho byo kurinda gukata bikora munsi yibintu bitatu byavuzwe hepfo.

A. Imiterere isanzwe (kubura kwiyongera)

Mugihe nta miterere yo kwiyongera, spd nta ngaruka ifite kuri sisitemu kandi ikora nkumuzunguruko ufunguye, iguma muburyo bwo hejuru.

B. Mugihe cyo kwizirika kwa voltage

Mugihe cya voltage spikes na eterosge, gutera imbere byimukira leta kandi impeta zagabanutse. Muri ubu buryo, bizarinda sisitemu mu kuyobya impulse ubu.

C. Subira mubikorwa bisanzwe

Nyuma yo kwishyurwa cyane, spd yahinduwe inyuma muburyo busanzwe bwo kutamenyekana.

Gukangura ibikoresho byo kurinda (SPDs) nibice byingenzi byamashanyarazi. Ariko, guhitamo spd ibereye kuri sisitemu birashobora kuba ikibazo kitoroshye.

Igitabo ntarengwa gikomeza gukora (UC)

Voltage yatanzwe na spd igomba guhuzwa na voltage ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi kugirango itange uburinzi bukwiye kuri sisitemu. Urutonde rwa voltage yo hepfo ruzangije igikoresho kandi amanota yo hejuru ntabwo azana impfamurwa neza.

Igihe cyo gusubiza

Byasobanuwe nkigihe cya spd yitabira abahanga. Byihuse SPD irasubiza, ni byiza kurengera na SPD. Mubisanzwe, ya Zener Diode ishingiye ku SPDs ifite igisubizo cyihuse. Ubwoko bwuzuye bwa gaze bufite igihe cyo gusubiza buhoro kandi fus na movs ubwoko bufite igihe gito.

Nominal isohoka muri iki gihe (muri)

SPD igomba kugeragezwa kuri 8/11μs Waveformat 8 / 20μs agaciro gasanzwe kuri miniotual miniature-nini ya 20ka.

Impumuro ntarengwa yo gusohora ubu (IIPP)

Igikoresho kigomba gushobora gukemura ikibazo kinini cyurutonde ruteganijwe kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza kugirango utananirwa mugihe cyabaye mugihe cyibanze kandi igikoresho kigomba kugeragezwa 10 / 350μs.

Voltage

Iyi ni voltage ya thregege no hejuru yiyi npongo, spd itangira guhindagurika voltage yinzitizi imenya kumurongo wamashanyarazi.

Uruganda n'impamyabumenyi

Guhitamo SPD kuva kumurongo uzwi cyane ufite icyemezo kiva mubigo bitateganijwe, nka UL cyangwa IEC, ni ngombwa. Icyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byasuzumwe kandi biganyura mubikorwa byose byimikorere nibisabwa.

Gusobanukirwa aya mabwiriza yo gukoresha azagushoboza guhitamo igikoresho cyo kurengera neza kubikenewe no kwemeza neza kurengerwa neza.

Ibikoresho byo kurinda ibidukikije (SPDs) byateganijwe gutanga uburinzi bwizewe ku mico yimbere, ariko ibintu bimwe na bimwe birashobora kuganisha ku kunanirwa kwabo. Ibikurikira ni zimwe mumpamvu zihishe inyuma ya speds kunanirwa:

1.Imbaraga zisanzwe

Kimwe mu bitera kunanirwa kwa spd birakabije, birenze urugero, birashobora kugaragara kubera inkuba, ingufu zikaranze, cyangwa izindi mvururu. Witondere kwishyiriraho ubwoko bwiburyo bwa spd nyuma yo kubara neza ukurikije aho biherereye.

2.Ikintu

Kubera ibidukikije birimo ubushyuhe nubushuhe, spds ifite ubuzima buke kandi bushobora kwangirika mugihe runaka. Byongeye kandi, amazi ashobora kugirirwa nabi na voltage ya voltage.

3. Ibibazo byoherejwe

Gusobanurira nabi, nko muri Wye-yashyizweho SPD ihujwe numutwaro uhujwe na Delta. Ibi birashobora kwerekana imbaho ​​nini kuri voltage nini, zishobora kuvamo kunanirwa kwa spd.

4.Uwatsinzwe

Spds irimo ibice byinshi, nka strike yicyuma.

5.Ibikoresho byinshi

Kubasizwe gukora neza, guhagarara birakenewe. SPD irashobora gukora nabi cyangwa ishobora kuba impungenge z'umutekano niba ihagaze neza.