Chishandiso chekudzivirira chekuvhiya, chinozivikanwawo sechidziviriro chekuvhiya kana SPD, chakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvinhu zvemagetsi kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika mudunhu remagetsi.

Pese panoitika kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kweazvino kana voltage padunhu remagetsi kana dunhu rekutaurirana semhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwekunze, mudziyo wekudzivirira wekudzivirira unogona kuita uye kuvharika munguva pfupi pfupi, kudzivirira kuvhiya kubva mukukuvadza zvimwe zvishandiso mudunhu. .

Zvishandiso zvinodzivirira zveSurge (SPDs) inzira inodhura yekudzivirira kubuda uye kusimudzira kuvimbika kwehurongwa.

Iwo anowanzo kuisirwa mumapaneru ekugovera uye anoita basa rakakosha mukuona kushanda kwakatsetseka uye kusakanganisika kwemidziyo yemagetsi muhuwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa nekudzikamisa kupfuudza overvoltage.

Iyo SPD inoshanda nekutsausa yakawandisa voltage kubva kune yenguva pfupi masurges kure nemidziyo yakachengetedzwa.Iyo inowanzo sanganisira simbi oxide varistors (MOVs) kana gasi discharge machubhu anotora yakawandisa voltage uye anoidzosera pasi, nekudaro ichidzivirira yakabatana michina.

Kuwedzera kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kurova kwemheni, kushandura gidhi remagetsi, kutadza kuita waya, uye kushanda kwemagetsi ane simba guru.Zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nezviitiko zviri kuitika mukati mechivakwa, sekutanga kwemotor kana kubatidzwa/kudzima kwemidziyo mikuru.

Kuisa SPD kunogona kupa akawanda mabhenefiti, kusanganisira:

Kudzivirirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi inonzwisa tsitsi kubva mukukuvadza magetsi anokwira.

Kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwedata kana huori mumakomputa masisitimu.

Kuwedzerwa kwehupenyu hwemidziyo nemichina kuburikidza nekudzivirira kubva pakukanganiswa kwemagetsi.

Kuderedzwa kwengozi yemoto wemagetsi unokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi.

Runyararo rwepfungwa uchiziva kuti mudziyo wako unokosha wakachengetedzwa.

Hupenyu hweSPD hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semhando yayo, kuoma kwekuvhiya kwainosangana nako, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa.Kazhinji, maSPD ane hupenyu hunobva pa5 kusvika kumakore gumi.Nekudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kugara uchiongorora uye kuyedza maSPD uye wovatsiva sezvinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakakwana.

Kudiwa kwemaSPD kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo, mirau yenzvimbo, uye kunzwisiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi yakabatana.Zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza nyanzvi yemagetsi kana injiniya wemagetsi kuti uongorore zvaunoda uye uone kana SPD ichidikanwa kune yako magetsi system.

Mamwe mashoma akajairika ekuvhiya-anodzivirira anoshandiswa mukugadzira maSPD isimbi oxide varistors (MOVs), avalanche breakdown diodes (ABDs - yaimbozivikanwa sesilicon avalanche diodes kana maSADs), uye gasi discharge tubes (GDTs).MOVs ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa tekinoroji yekuchengetedza AC magetsi maseketi.Kuwedzera kwazvino chiyero cheMOV chine hukama neyakayambuka-chikamu uye kuumbwa kwayo.Kazhinji, iyo yakakura nzvimbo yemuchinjikwa-sectional, iyo yakakwirira yekuwedzera ikozvino chiyero chemudziyo.MaMOVs anowanzo kuve eraundi kana rectangular geometry asi anouya mune plethora yezviyero zvakajairwa kubva pa7 mm (0.28 inch) kusvika 80 mm (3.15 inch).Kuwedzera kwazvino kuyerwa kweaya ekudzivirira ekudzivirira anosiyana zvakanyanya uye anoenderana nemugadziri.Sezvakakurukurwa pakutanga muchikamu chino, nekubatanidza maMOVs mune imwe nzira yakafanana, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemazuva ano hunogona kuverengwa nekungowedzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hweMOVs pamwe chete kuti uwane kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu.Mukuita kudaro, kufunga kunofanira kupiwa kurongeka kwekushanda.

Kune akawanda mafungidziro ekuti ndeipi chikamu, chii topology, uye kuendesa kwehunyanzvi tekinoroji kunoburitsa iyo yakanakisa SPD yekutsausa kuvhiya ikozvino.Panzvimbo yekupa ese sarudzo, zvakanakisa kuti nhaurirano yekuvhiya yazvino chiyero, Nominal Discharge Current Rating, kana kuvhiya kwazvino kugona kutenderedza data rebvunzo rekuita.Pasinei nemidziyo inoshandiswa mudhizaini, kana iyo chaiyo mechaniki chimiro chakaiswa, chakakosha ndechekuti SPD ine yekuvhiya ikozvino chiyero kana Nominal Discharge Current Rating inokodzera kunyorera.

Iyo yazvino edition yeIET Wiring Regulations, BS 7671: 2018, inotaura kuti kunze kwekunge kuongororwa kwenjodzi kukaitwa, dziviriro kubva kune yakawandisa overvoltage ichapihwa apo mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekuwedzeredza inogona:

Zvinokonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya, kana kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu;kana

Mhedzisiro mukukanganiswa kwemabasa eruzhinji uye/kana kukuvadzwa kwenhaka yetsika;kana

Zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwekutengeserana kana indasitiri basa;kana

Inobata nhamba huru yevanhu vanogara pamwe chete.

Uyu mutemo unoshanda kumarudzi ese ezvivakwa zvinosanganisira zvemumba, zvekutengesa nemaindasitiri.

Nepo iyo IET Wiring Regulations isiri yekudzokera kumashure, uko basa ririkuitwa padunhu riripo mukati mekuisa iyo yakagadzirwa uye yakaiswa kune yakapfuura edition yeIET Wiring Regulations, zvinodikanwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti dunhu rakagadziridzwa rinoenderana neazvino. edition, izvi zvinongobatsira chete kana maSPD akaiswa kuchengetedza kuisirwa kwese.

Sarudzo yekutenga maSPD iri mumaoko emutengi, asi ivo vanofanirwa kupihwa ruzivo rwakakwana kuti vaite sarudzo ine ruzivo rwekuti vanoda kusiya SPDs.Sarudzo inofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nekuchengetedza njodzi zvinhu uye nekutevera kuongororwa kwemutengo weSPDs, iyo inogona kudhura zvishoma semazana mashoma epaunzi, zvichipesana nemutengo wekuisirwa magetsi nemidziyo yakabatana nayo senge makomputa, maTV uye zvinodiwa, semuenzaniso, kuona utsi uye kudzora bhaira.

Kudzivirirwa kweSurgery kwaigona kuiswa muyuniti yevatengi iripo kana nzvimbo yakakodzera yemuviri iripo kana, kana nzvimbo yakakwana isina kuwanikwa, yaigona kuiswa mune yakavharirwa yekunze padyo neiyo iripo yevatengi unit.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kutarisa nekambani yako yeinishuwarenzi sezvo mamwe marongero anogona kutaura kuti zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kuvharwa neSPD kana ivo havazobhadhare kana paine chikumbiro.

Iyo giredhi yekudzivirira yekudzivirira (inowanzozivikanwa sekudzivirira kwemheni) Inoongororwa zvinoenderana neIEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 kupatsanura kupatsanura mheni dzidziso, iyo inoiswa panosangana mativi.Zvido zvehunyanzvi uye mabasa zvinosiyana.Yekutanga-nhanho yekudzivirira mheni mudziyo wakaiswa pakati pe0-1 zone, yakakwira kune inoyerera inodiwa, iyo shoma inodiwa yeIEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 ndeye Itotal (10/350) 12.5 ka, uye yechipiri neyechitatu. mazinga akaiswa pakati peiyo 1-2 uye 2-3 nzvimbo, kunyanya kudzvanyirira iyo overvoltage.

Zvishandiso zveSurge protective (SPDs) zvakakosha mukuchengetedza midziyo yemagetsi kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvenguva pfupi yakawandisa iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvara, system downtime, uye kurasikirwa kwedata.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mutengo wekutsiva michina kana kugadzirisa unogona kuve wakakosha, kunyanya mumisheni-yakakosha maapplication akadai sezvipatara, nzvimbo dzedata, uye zvidyarwa zvemaindasitiri.

Circuit breaker uye fuse haina kugadzirwa kubata izvi zvine simba-akakwirira zviitiko, zvichiita kuti kumwe kuvhiya kudzivirira kuve kunodiwa.

Nepo maSPD akanyatso kugadzirirwa kutsausa overvoltage yenguva pfupi kubva kune midziyo, ichidzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa uye kurebesa hupenyu hwayo.

Mukupedzisa, maSPD akakosha munharaunda yemazuva ano tekinoroji.

SPD Kushanda Nheyo

Iyo yakakosha musimboti kuseri kweSPDs ndeyekuti ivo vanopa yakaderera impedance nzira yekuenda pasi kune yakawandisa voltage.Kana ma spikes emagetsi kana masurges aitika, maSPD anoshanda nekutsausa yakawandisa voltage uye ikozvino pasi.

Nenzira iyi, ukuru hwemagetsi anouya anodzikiswa kusvika padanho rakachengeteka risingakuvadze mudziyo wakabatanidzwa.

Kuti ushande, mudziyo wekudzivirira wekuvhiya unofanirwa kunge uine chimwe chisiri-mutsara chikamu (varistor kana spark gap), iyo pasi pemamiriro akasiyana inoshandura pakati pepamusoro uye yakaderera impedance state.

Basa ravo ndere kushandura kubuda kana kuti impulse current uye kudzikamisa overvoltage pamidziyo yezasi.

Surge dziviriro zvishandiso zvinoshanda pasi pemamiriro matatu akanyorwa pazasi.

A. Normal Condition (kusavapo kwekuvhiya)

Kana pasina mamiriro ekuvhiya, iyo SPD haina kukanganisa pane system uye inoita seyavhurika redunhu, inoramba iri mune yakakwira impedance state.

B. Panguva yekukwira kwemagetsi

Kana iri voltage spikes uye masurges, SPD inoenda kune conduction state uye impedance yayo yakadzikira.Nenzira iyi, ichadzivirira iyo system nekutsausa iyo impulse current kusvika pasi.

C. Back to normal operation

Mushure mekunge iyo overvoltage yaburitswa, SPD yakadzokera kune yakajairika yakakwira impedance state.

Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) zvinhu zvakakosha zvemagetsi network.Nekudaro, kusarudza SPD yakakodzera kune yako system inogona kunge iri nyaya yakaoma.

Maximum inoramba ichishanda voltage (UC)

Iyo yakatemerwa voltage yeSPD inofanirwa kuenderana nemagetsi system voltage kuti ipe dziviriro yakakodzera kune system.A yakaderera voltage reti inokuvadza mudziyo uye mwero wepamusoro hauzotsausa zvishoma zvakanaka.

Nguva Yekupindura

Inotsanangurwa senguva yeSPD inobata kune inopfuura.Iyo inokurumidza SPD inopindura, zviri nani kuchengetedzwa neSPD.Kazhinji, Zener diode yakavakirwa SPDs ine mhinduro inokurumidza.Mhando dzakazadzwa negasi dzine nguva yekupindura inononoka uye fuse uye mhando dzeMOV dzine nguva yekupindura inononoka.

Nominal discharge current (In)

SPD inofanirwa kuyedzwa pa8/20μs waveform uye yakajairika kukosha kwekugara diki-saizi SPD ndeye 20kA.

Maximum impulse discharge ikozvino (Iimp)

Chishandiso chinofanirwa kubata iyo yakanyanya kuvhiya ikozvino inotarisirwa pane network yekugovera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti haikundike panguva yechiitiko chenguva pfupi uye mudziyo unofanirwa kuyedzwa ne10/350μs waveform.

Clamping Voltage

Iyi ndiyo voltage pachikumbaridzo uye pamusoro peiyi voltage level, SPD inotanga kusungirira chero voltage inopfuudza yainoona mutambo yemagetsi.

Mugadziri uye Zvitupa

Kusarudza SPD kubva kumugadziri anozivikanwa ane certification kubva kunzvimbo isina rusarura yekuyedza, senge UL kana IEC, kwakakosha.Iyo certification inovimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chakaongororwa uye chinopfuudza kuita kwese uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa.

Kunzwisisa aya masaizi dhairekitori zvinokugonesa iwe kuti usarudze yakanakisa surge dziviriro mudziyo kune zvaunoda uye unovimbisa kunoshanda kuchengetedzwa kwekuvhiya.

Zvishandiso zvinodzivirira zveSurge (SPDs) zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvipe dziviriro yakavimbika kubva kune yakawandisa overvoltages, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kutungamira mukukundikana kwavo.Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvakakonzera kutadza kweSPDs:

1.Kuwedzera simba rinowedzera

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa kutadza kweSPD kuwandisa, kuwandisa kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekurova kwemheni, kusimuka kwemagetsi, kana kumwe kuvhiringika kwemagetsi.Ita shuwa yekuisa iyo chaiyo mhando yeSPD mushure mekugadzira kwakaringana kuverenga zvinoenderana nenzvimbo.

2.Kukwegura chinhu

Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anosanganisira tembiricha nehunyoro, maSPD ane hupenyu hushoma hwesherufu uye anogona kudzikira nekufamba kwenguva.Uyezve, maSPD anogona kukuvadzwa neanowanzo voltage spikes.

3.Configuration nyaya

Kusarongeka, sekunge wye-yakagadziriswa SPD yakabatana nemutoro wakabatana kuburikidza ne delta.Izvi zvinogona kufumura iyo SPD kune yakakura voltages, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukundikana kweSPD.

4.Component kukundikana

SPDs ine zvinhu zvakati wandei, zvakaita sesimbi oxide varistors (MOVs), izvo zvinogona kutadza nekuda kwekukanganisa kugadzira kana kwezvakatipoteredza.

5.Improper grounding

Kuti SPD ishande nemazvo, kudzika pasi kunodiwa.Iyo SPD inogona kusashanda zvakanaka kana kuti inogona kuve yekunetseka kwekuchengetedza kana isina kudzika pasi.