Isixhobo sokukhusela ukhuselo, esaziwa njengoMkhuseli woThuseli okanye i-SPD, yenzelwe ukukhusela izinto zombane ngokuchasene ne-voltage enokwenzeka kwisekelo yombane.

Nanini na xa kwandiswa ngequbuliso kwisekethe yombane okanye kwisekethe yonxibelelwano, okanye kwisekethe yonxibelelwano ngaphandle, isixhobo sokukhusela i-susty sinokuqhuba kwaye sikhawuleze ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, sithintela ukuqhwalela ngenxa yokonakalisa ezinye izixhobo kwisekethe .

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuselo (i-SPDS) yindlela esebenzayo yokuthintela ukuphuma kunye nokuqiniseka kwenkqubo.

Ngokwesiqhelo bafakelwa kwiiphaneli zokuhambisa kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle nokungaphazanyiswa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

I-SPD isebenza ngokuphambukisa i-voltage egqithisileyo evela ekutyeni kwexeshana kude nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo iqulethe ii-axiders zentsimbi (ii-Movs) okanye iityhubhu zegesi ezifumana i-voltage egqithisileyo kwaye iwukhuphela emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela zikhusela izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo.

Ukuchithwa kwamandla kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukubetha kombane, ukutshintshela kwegridi yombane, i-wiriss ye-wirid, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezinamandla ombane. Banokubangelwa zeziganeko ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, njengokuqalisa kwemali okanye ukutshintshwa / ukucima izixhobo ezinkulu.

Ukufaka i-SPD kunokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanya:

Ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka kwi-Voltage eyonakalisayo.

Uthintelo lwelahleko yedatha okanye urhwaphilizo kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter.

Ulwandiso lwexesha lokuphila kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ngokuzikhusela kwiimpawu zombane.

Ukuncitshiswa komngcipheko woMlilo woMbane obangelwa kukuchithelwa kwamandla.

Uxolo lwengqondo lusazi ukuba izixhobo zakho zexabiso zikhuselekile.

Ixesha lokuphila le-SPD linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nomgangatho wayo, ubukhali bokuhlangula udibana nabo, kunye nezenzo zolondolozo. Ngokubanzi, i-SPDs inobomi obomi ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ihlolwe rhoqo kwaye ivavanye i-spds kwaye ithathe indawo efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo.

Isidingo se-SPDs singahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nendawo, imigaqo yendawo, kunye nemvakalelo yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezixhunyiwe. Kucetyiswa ukuba ujongene nombane oqeqeshiweyo okanye injineli yombane ukuvavanya iimfuno zakho ezithile kwaye uqinisekisile ukuba i-SPD ifuneka kwinkqubo yakho yombane.

Izinto ezimbalwa zokhuselo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-SPDs zentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi (Movs), i-Avalanches), i-Avalanche Striapdown i-Avalanche Dods okanye i-GEDSRORT TUBES (GDTS). I-MVS yeyona isetyenziswayo i-teknoloji esetyenziswayo ekukhuseleni iziphaluka zamandla e-AC. I-sugge ireyithi yangoku ye-MV ihambelana nendawo enqamlezileyo kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Ngokubanzi, enkulu indawo enkulu yendawo enqamlezayo, ephezulu i-sugge subred yangoku yesixhobo. I-Movs ngokubanzi ijikeleze i-joometry okanye i-geomet yejometri kodwa yeza kwi-vethora emiselweyo ukusuka kwi-7 mm (0.28 intshi) ukuya kwi-80 mm (3.15 intshi). I-sugges ratings yangoku kwezi zinto zikhuselayo zahluka ngokubanzi kwaye zixhomekeka kuMvelisi. Njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili kweli solotya, ngokuqhagamshela ii-MVOs kwi-GALLLEL Uluhlu, ixabiso langoku linokubalwa ngokudibanisa iireyithi ze-movs zangoku kunye nokufumana umlinganiso we-Mores. Ngokwenza njalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kulungelelaniso lokusebenza.

Zininzi ii-hypotheses zokuba leliphi icandelo, yiphi i-topology, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetekhnoloji ethile ivelisa eyona sub ye-DAPRGE ye-divie yangoku. Endaweni yokuhambisa zonke ukhetho, kungcono ukuba ingxoxo yokunyusa umgangatho wangoku, ukukhulula okuthile okwangoku, okanye ukuphepha amandla akhoyo ngokujikeleza idatha yovavanyo lwentsebenzo. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyilo, okanye isakhiwo esithile sivele, into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-SPD ikhuphe umlinganiso wangoku okanye ukukhulula okukhoyo ngoku kufanelekile kwisicelo.

Ushicilelo lwangoku lwe-IET Wiring, Bs 7671: 2018, ithi uvavanyo lomngcipheko luqhutywa, ukhuseleko ekunikezelweni kwe-overvollient luya kubonelelwa ukuba:

Kukhokelela ekulimaleni kakhulu, okanye ukuphulukana, ubomi bomntu; okanye

Isiphumo sokuphazamiseka kweenkonzo zikarhulumente kunye / okanye ukonakala kwilifa lenkcubeko; okanye

Isiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yorhwebo okanye yezamashishini; okanye

Ichaphazela inani elikhulu labantu.

Lo mmiselo usebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo ezibandakanya izakhiwo, ezorhwebo kunye nezamashishini.

Ngelixa imigaqo ye-wiring ye-IET ayibuyiswanga, apho umsebenzi usenziwa khona kwisekethe ekhoyo ngexesha lofakelo oluyilelwe kwaye lufanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiphaluka esiguquliweyo siyahambelana ne Ushicilelo, oku kuya kuba yingenelo kuphela ukuba i-SPDs ifakwe ukukhusela lonke ufakelo.

Isigqibo sokuba uthenge i-SPDs isezandleni zomthengi, kodwa kufuneka zibonelelwe ngolwazi olwaneleyo lokwenza isigqibo esiziyo sokuba banqwenela ukunciphisa i-sdds. Isigqibo kufuneka senziwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto zomngcipheko wokhuseleko kwaye emva koko kuvavanywa iindleko ze-SPDs, enokuthi ixabisa kancinci njengeziikhilongs zombane kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nekhompyuter, i-tvs kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko, Umzekelo, ukufunyanwa komsi kunye nolawulo lwe-boiler.

Ukukhusela ukhuseleko kunokufakwa kwiyunithi ekhoyo yabathengi ukuba indawo efanelekileyo yokwenyama ifumaneka okanye, ukuba indawo eyaneleyo ayifumaneki, inokufakwa kwindawo ebiyelweyo engaphandle kwiCandelo loMthengi.

Kukufanelekile ukukhangela inkampani yakho yeinshurensi njengoko imigaqo-nkqubo inokuchaza ukuba izixhobo kufuneka zigutyungelwe nge-SPD okanye ayizukuhlawula kwimeko yebango.

Ukucwangciswa koMkhuseli woThungo (okwaziwa ngokuba kukhuselo lwe-shotning) kuvavanywa ngokwe-IEC 61643131 kunye ne-En 50539-11 Ithiyori yoKhuseleko lweNdawo, efakwe kumdibaniso wesahlulelo. Iimfuneko zobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yahluka. Isixhobo sokukhusela ukukhanya kwenqanaba lokuqala sifakwe phakathi kwe-0-16 ye-Intanethi, i-IIT yobuncinci beemfuno ze-IEC 61643-31 kwaye i-Itter 505391 Amanqanaba afakiwe phakathi kweMimandla eyi-1-2 kunye ne-2-3, ubukhulu becala ukucinezela i-overvolstage.

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko (i-SPDS) zibalulekile ekukhuseleni izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezivela kwiziphumo ezinobungozi zokwenza umphezulu we-overvollie onokubangela umonakalo, ixesha lokuphumla lenkqubo, kunye nelahleko yedatha.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindleko zokubuyiswa kwezixhobo okanye zokulungiswa zinokubaluleka, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zemishini ezinje ngezibhedlele, amaziko edatha kunye nezityalo zemveliso.

Abaphulaphuli besekethe kunye neefuse zenziwayo ukuba baphile le micimbi yamandla aphezulu, ukwenza ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo olufunekayo.

Ngelixa i-SPDs yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuphembelela ngaphezulu kwe-overvollientient kude nezixhobo, ukuyikhusela kumonakalo kwaye inyuse ubomi bayo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-SPDs ibalulekile kwimeko yezobuchwephesha.

UMGAQO-NKQUBO WOKUSETYENZISWA

Umgaqo osisiseko osemva kwe-SPDs kukuba banike indlela ephantsi kakhulu ukuze bafikelele kwi-voltage engaphezulu. Xa i-voltage spikes okanye i-spike yenzeka, i-SPDS isebenza ngokuphambukisa i-voltage egqithisileyo kwaye yangoku emhlabeni.

Ngale ndlela, ubukhulu bevolthi engenayo yehliswa kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo elingaonakanga isixhobo esiqhotyoshelweyo.

Ukusebenza, isixhobo sokukhuselwa ekukhuseleni kufuneka siqulathe ubuncinci icandelo elinye elingelilo

Umsebenzi wabo kukuphanga ukukhululwa okanye ukuphembelela okwangoku kunye nokunciphisa umda ogqithisileyo kwizixhobo ezisezantsi.

I-SURGIRS YOKUKHUSELEKILEYO

A. Imeko yesiqhelo (ukungabikho kwe-surge)

Kwimeko yokungakhathali, i-SPD ayinampembelelo kwinkqubo kwaye isebenze njengesekethe evulekileyo, ihlala ikwimeko ephezulu kakhulu.

B. Ngexesha lokuchitha i-voltage

Kwimeko ye-voltage spikes kunye nokugobe, i-SPD ihamba kwimfeso yendlela kwaye ukubamba kwayo kunciphile. Ngale ndlela, iya kuyikhusela le nkqubo ngokuphambukisa impembelelo yangoku emhlabeni.

C. Buyela kwi-Open

Emva kokuba i-overvollic sele ikhutshiwe, i-SPD itshintshelwe kwimo yayo ephakamileyo.

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko (i-SPDS) zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenethiwekhi zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha i-SPD efanelekileyo yenkqubo yakho kunokuba yimbamba enzima.

I-voltage ephezulu yokuqhuba (i-UC)

I-SPRED ye-SPD ye-SPD kufuneka ihambelane nenkqubo yenkqubo yombane ukuze inikezele ngokukhuselekileyo kwinkqubo. Inqanaba le-voltage elisezantsi liza kuyonakalisa ifowuni kwaye i-nqanaba eliphezulu aliyi kuphambuka ngokufanelekileyo.

Ixesha lokuphendula

Ichazwa njengoko ixesha le-SPD lisabela kuzo. Ikhankanya i-DED iphendule, kokukhuselwa ngcono yi-SPD. Ngokwesiqhelo, iZenur Diode Diode esekwe kwi-SPDS yempendulo ekhawulezayo. Iindidi ezizaliswe ngegesi zinexesha lokuphendula kancinci kunye neefeksi kunye neentlobo zeMov zinexesha lokuphendula kancinci.

Ukukhutshwa kwezinto zangoku (kwi)

I-SPD kufuneka ivavanywe kwi-8 / 20μs wisform kunye nexabiso eliqhelekileyo lendawo yokuhlala i-SPD ye-SPD ye-20K.

Elona themba liphezulu

Esi sixhobo kufuneka sikwazi ukuphatha olona hambo luphezulu olulindelekileyo kunxibelelwano lokusasaza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayisilele kumsitho wethutyana kwaye isixhobo kufuneka sivavanywe nge-10 / 350μ yesokuqala.

I-Volting Voltage

Olu luvo lwe-volbard kwaye ngaphezulu kwale nqanaba le-voltage, i-SPD iqala ukuqhwaba nayiphi na i-voltage ekuthatheni imbonakalo yamandla.

Umvelisi kunye neziqinisekiso

Ukukhetha i-SPD kumvelisi owaziwayo onesiqinisekiso esivela kwiziko lokuvavanywa ngokungakhethi cala, njenge-IL okanye iec, ibalulekile. Isiqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlolisisiwe kwaye idlulisele kuzo zonke iimfuno kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.

Ukuqonda ezi zikhokelo zokubonisa ziya kukwenza ukuba ukhethe isixhobo esikhuselweyo soKhuseleko kwiimfuno zakho kunye nokuqiniseka ukukhuselwa konyuko.

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuselo (i-SPDS) inikezelwe ukubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo kuphuculo lwexeshana, kodwa ezinye izinto zinokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwabo. Okulandelayo zezinye zezizathu eziphantsi kwe-SPDS ukusilela:

1.Ukugxothwa kwamandla

Esona sizathu sokuqala sokusilela kwe-SPD siphezulu, i-overvolstage inokwenzeka ngenxa yokubetha, amandla omhlaba, okanye ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo zombane. Qiniseka ukuba ufakela uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-SPD emva kokubala uyilo olufanelekileyo ngokwendawo.

2.Nqanda

Ngenxa yemeko yokusingqongileyo kubandakanya ubushushu kunye nokufuma, i-SPDs inobomi beshelhu enqumlayo kwaye inamandla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngaphaya koko, i-spudd inokwenzakala rhoqo nge-voltages spikes.

3. Imicimbi yokujongana

I-gwenxa, njengokuba i-SBO-SPD elungiselelwe i-WYE idityaniswe nomthwalo oxhunyiwe nge-Delta. Oku kunokubonisa i-SPD kwiivolthi ezinkulu, ezinokubangela ukusilela kwe-SPD.

Isilelo sokungaphumeleli

I-SPDS iqulethe izinto ezininzi, ezinje nge-farhaside ye-oxide (Movs), ezinokusilela ngenxa yeziphene okanye izinto zokusingqongileyo.

I-5.imilfroper

Kwi-SPD ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphakama kubalulekile. I-SPD ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye ibe yinkxalabo yokhuseleko ukuba ayifikeleli.