Iyini i-Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) & Ukusebenza kwayo

Izinqamuli zesekethe zokuvuza kwangaphambi kwesikhathi zingamadivayisi okuthola amandla kagesi, manje ashintshwa ngamadivaysi amanje okuzwa (RCD/RCCB). Ngokuvamile, amadivayisi amanje okuzwa abizwa nge-RCCB, kanye namadivayisi okuthola amandla kagesi aqanjwe ngokuthi i-Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB). Eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule, i-ECLBs yokuqala yamanje yethulwa futhi cishe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha edlule i-voltage yokuqala ye-ECLB yethulwa. Iminyaka eminingana, womabili ama-ELCB asetshenziswayo kagesi kanye namanje asetshenziswa kokubili njengama-ELCB ngenxa yegama lawo elilula okufanele alikhumbule. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwalawa madivaysi amabili kunikeze ukukhula ekuxubeni okubalulekile embonini kagesi.

Yini i-Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)?

I-ECLB iwuhlobo olulodwa lwedivayisi yokuphepha esetshenziselwa ukufaka idivayisi kagesi ene-impedance ephezulu yomhlaba ukugwema ukushaqeka. Lawa madivaysi ahlonza ama-voltage amancane aduka edivayisini kagesi ezivalekile zensimbi futhi angenele isekethe uma kukhonjwa amandla kagesi ayingozi. Injongo eyinhloko ye-Earth leakage circuit breaker (ECLB) ukumisa umonakalo kubantu nasezilwaneni ngenxa yokushaqeka kukagesi.

I-ELCB iwuhlobo oluthile lwe-latching relay enamandla amakhulu angenayo esakhiwo ahlotshaniswa ngokushintsha othintana naye ukuze isinqamuli sesekethe sikhiphe amandla esimweni esingaphephile. I-ELCB ibona amaza amaphutha womuntu noma isilwane ocingweni lwasemhlabeni ekuxhumekeni eluqaphayo. Uma i-voltage eyanele ibonakala kuyo yonke ikhoyili yenzwa ye-ELCB, izovala amandla, futhi ihlale ivaliwe kuze kube yilapho izihlela kabusha. I-ELCB ezwa amandla kagesi ayiboni amaza amaphutha ukusuka kumuntu noma esilwaneni ukuya emhlabeni.

I-ELCB ibona amaza amaphutha womuntu noma isilwane ocingweni lwasemhlabeni ekuxhumekeni eluqaphayo. Uma i-voltage eyanele ibonakala kuyo yonke ikhoyili yenzwa ye-ELCB, izovala amandla, futhi ihlale ivaliwe kuze kube yilapho izihlela kabusha. I-ELCB ezwa amandla kagesi ayiboni amaza amaphutha ukusuka kumuntu noma esilwaneni ukuya emhlabeni.

I-ELCB ibona amaza amaphutha womuntu noma isilwane ocingweni lwasemhlabeni ekuxhumekeni eluqaphayo. Uma i-voltage eyanele ibonakala kuyo yonke ikhoyili yenzwa ye-ELCB, izovala amandla, futhi ihlale ivaliwe kuze kube yilapho izihlela kabusha. I-ELCB ezwa amandla kagesi ayiboni amaza amaphutha ukusuka kumuntu noma esilwaneni ukuya emhlabeni.

Umsebenzi we-ELCB

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Earth-leakage circuit breaker noma i-ELCB ukuvimbela ukushaqeka ngenkathi kufakwa ugesi ngokusebenzisa i-Earth impedance ephezulu ngoba iyithuluzi lokuphepha. Lesi sihlukanisi sesekhethi sihlonza ama-voltage amancane adukayo phezulu kwezinto zikagesi ngesivalu sensimbi futhi siphazamisa isekethe uma kukhonjwa amandla kagesi ayingozi. Inhloso enkulu yama-ELCB ukugwema ukulimaza abantu kanye nezilwane ngenxa yokushaqeka kukagesi.

Ukusebenza kwe-ELCB
Isiphazamisi sikagesi siwuhlobo oluthile lwe-latching relay futhi sinokuphakelwa kwamapayipi amakhulu ezakhiwo axhunywe kuzo zonke izixhumi zaso ezishintshayo ukuze lesi sihlukanisi sesekethe sinqamule amandla uma ukuvuza komhlaba sekutholakele. Ngokusebenzisa lokhu, i-fault current ingatholwa kusukela kokuphila kuya ocingweni oluphansi lapho igada khona. Uma i-voltage eyanele iphuma ku-coil yenzwa ye-circuit breaker, izovala amandla futhi ihlale ivaliwe kuze kumiswe kabusha ngokomzimba. I-ELCB esetshenziselwa i-voltage-sensor ayiboni ama-currents amaphutha.

Indlela Yokuxhuma I-Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

Umjikelezo womhlaba ushintshwa lapho kusetshenziswa i-ELCB; ukuxhuma ku-earth rod kwamukelwa nge-earth leakage circuit breaker ngokuxhumanisa namatheminali ayo amabili omhlaba. Omunye uya kumqhubi wokuvikela wesifunda esifanelekile (CPC), kanti omunye uya endongeni yomhlaba noma olunye uhlobo lokuxhumana komhlaba. Ngakho-ke umjikelezo womhlaba uvumela ikhoyili yenzwa ye-ELCB.

Izinzuzo ze-Voltage Operated ELCB

Ama-ELCB awazweli kakhulu ezimeni zamaphutha futhi anohambo oluncane oluyinkathazo.
Nakuba amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage emugqeni ophansi ngokuvamile kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwentambo ebukhoma, lokhu akunjalo ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke kunezimo lapho i-ELCB ingahamba khona ngokucasulayo.
Uma ukufakwa kwensimbi kagesi kunabantu ababili abathintwayo emhlabeni, ukuhlasela kombani oseduze okuphezulu kuzosusa i-voltage gradient emhlabeni, kunikeze ikhoyili yenzwa ye-ELCB ene-voltage eyanele ukuyihambisa ohambweni.
Uma enye yezintambo zomhlabathi inqamuka ku-ELCB, ngeke zisafakwa ngokuvamile ngeke zisafakwa phansi ngendlela efanele.
Lawa ma-ELCB ayisidingo soxhumano lwesibili kanye nethuba lokuthi noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okwengeziwe phansi ohlelweni olusongelwa kungawuvala umtshina.