Idivaysi yokuvikela esosheni, eyaziwa nangokuthi umvikeli we-surge noma i-SPD, yenzelwe ukuvikela izingxenye zikagesi ngokumelene nokuhlinzwa ezikugesi okungenzeka kwisekethe kagesi.

Noma nini lapho kukhuphuka kungazelelwe kumanje noma ama-voltage kukhiqizwa ku-performer Circuit noma ukujikeleza komjikelezo njengomphumela wokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle, idivaysi yokuvikela uSurge ingaqhuba futhi ivimbele ekulimaleni kwamanye amadivaysi esifundeni .

I-Surge Referetur Deterictions (SPDs) iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukuphuma nokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kohlelo.

Ngokuvamile afakwe kumaphaneli wokusabalalisa futhi adlale indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okubushelelezi nokuphazanyiswa kwamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ngokukhawulela i-transvoltage.

I-SPD isebenza ngokuphambukisa amandla ngokweqile kusuka ku-transietion isuka kude nemishini evikelwe. Imvamisa iqukethe izinhlobo zensimbi ze-oxide axide (movers) noma amashubhu wokukhipha igesi amunca amandla amaningi abuye aqondise emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela avikele amadivayisi axhunyiwe.

Ukuhlinzwa kwamandla kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iziteleka zombani, ukushintshwa kwegridi kagesi, i-wiring enephutha, kanye nokusebenza kwemishini kagesi enamandla amakhulu. Zingabangelwa futhi ezenzakalweni ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, njengokuqalwa kwama-motors noma ukushintshana / ukuvala izinto ezinkulu.

Ukufaka i-SPD kunganikeza izinzuzo eziningana, kufaka phakathi:

Ukuvikelwa kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi ebucayi kusuka ekulimaleni kwe-voltage surtage.

Ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwedatha noma inkohliso ezinhlelweni zamakhompyutha.

Ukunwetshwa kwempilo yezemidlalo nemishini ngokuzivikela ekuphazanyisweni kukagesi.

Ukwehliswa kwengozi yemililo kagesi ebangelwa ukuhlinzwa kwamandla.

Ukuthula kwengqondo ukwazi ukuthi imishini yakho ebalulekile iyavikeleka.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-SPD singahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nekhwalithi yazo, ubukhulu bokugqekeza buhlangana, kanye nemikhuba yesondlo. Ngokuvamile, i-SPD ibe nesikhathi sokuphila esisuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-10. Kodwa-ke, kunconyelwa ukuhlola njalo futhi kuhlole i-SPDs bese ubeka esikhundleni sawo njengoba kudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuphelele.

Isidingo se-SPD singahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nendawo yendawo, imithetho yendawo, kanye nokuzwela kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi exhunyiwe. Kungcono ukuthintana nonjiniyela kagesi noma ugesi ofanelekile ukuhlola izidingo zakho ezithile futhi anqume ukuthi ngabe i-SPD iyadingeka yini ohlelweni lwakho lukagesi.

Izakhi ezimbalwa ezivamile zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa e-SPDS yi-Metal oxide varitors (movers), ama-avalanche breakdown dianes (ABDs - ngaphambili ezaziwa njenge-silicon avalanche diodoes noma amashubhu wokukhipha igesi (GDS). I-Movs yizobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuvikelwa kwemibuthano yamandla e-AC. Isilinganiso sokulinganisa samanje se-MOV sihlobene nendawo yesigaba sesigaba kanye nokwakheka kwalo. Ngokuvamile, kukhudlwana indawo yesigaba sesiphambano, kukhuphuka kakhulu isilinganiso samanje sedivayisi. I-Movs ngokuvamile i-geometry eyindilinga noma eyindilinga kepha iza ngobukhulu obujwayelekile obusukela ku-7 mm (0.28 inch) kuya ku-80 mm (3.15 inch). Ukulinganisa izilinganiso zamanje zalezi zingxenye zokuvikela zokuhlinzwa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi zincike kumenzi. Njengoba kuxoxwe ngaphambili kulesi sigatshana, ngokuxhumanisa ama-Movel ngendlela ehlelekile, inani lamanje lamanje lingabalwa ngokungezelela ukulinganisa okukhona kwamanje kwezilinganiso zamanje zokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala yamanje. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukudidiyelwa kokusebenza.

Kunama-hypotheses amaningi kulokho okwenziwa yingxenye, okushiwo yi-topology, kanye nokuhanjiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthile kukhiqiza i-SPD engcono kakhulu yokuphambukisa i-Surge yamanje. Esikhundleni sokuveza konke okukhethwa kukho, kungcono ukuthi ingxoxo yokulinganisa isilinganiso samanje, noma ukukhishwa kwamanje kokukhipha, noma amandla amanje ahambisa idatha yokuhlola ukusebenza. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni, noma isakhiwo esithile semishini esisetshenzisiwe, okushiwo ukuthi i-SPD inokulinganisa okukhona kwamanje noma isilinganiso sokukhipha okungukukhipha okulungele uhlelo.

Uhlelo lwamanje lwe-Iet Wiring Regulations, BS 7671: 2018, uthi ngaphandle kokuthi kuhlolwe ubungozi, ukuvikelwa kokuqunjelwa okuvela ekuveleni okubangelwa yilapho kuvela khona i-overvoltage.

Kuholele ekulimaleni okungathi sína, noma ukulahlekelwa, impilo yomuntu; noma

Umphumela wokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yomphakathi kanye / noma ukulimala kwamagugu amasiko; noma

Umphumela wokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yezentengiselwano noma yezimboni; noma

Thinta inani elikhulu labantu abakhona.

Lo mthethonqubo usebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo ezibandakanya ezifuywayo, ezentengiso kanye nezimboni.

Ngenkathi imithetho ye-wiring ye-Iet ayibuyiseli, lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona kwisekethe ekhona ngaphakathi kokufakwa okwenziwe futhi okufakwe ohlelweni lwangaphambilini lwemithetho ye-Iet Wiring, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okuguquliwe kuhambisana nakamuva Uhlelo, lokhu kuzosiza kuphela uma ama-SPD efakiwe ukuvikela konke ukufakwa.

Isinqumo sokuthi ukuthenga ama-SPD kusezandleni sekhasimende, kepha kufanele zinikezwe ngolwazi olwanele lokwenza isinqumo esinolwazi sokuthi bafisa ukushiya i-SPD. Isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokususelwa ezicini ezingozini yokuphepha futhi kulandele ukuhlolwa kwezindleko zama-spds, angabiza amakhilogremu ambalwa, ngokumelene nezindleko zokufakwa kukagesi nemishini exhunywe kuyo njengamakhompyutha, ama-TV kanye nemishini edingekayo, Isibonelo, ukutholwa kwentuthu kanye nezilawuli ze-boiler.

Ukuvikelwa kweSurge kungafakwa kwiyunithi ekhona yabathengi uma isikhala esifanele somzimba sasitholakala noma, uma ngabe isikhala esanele besingatholakali, singafakwa endaweni ebiyelwe yangaphandle esondelene neyunithi elikhona labathengi.

Kuhle futhi ukubheka nenkampani yakho yomshuwalense njengoba ezinye izinqubomgomo zingasho ukuthi imishini kumele imbozwe nge-SPD noma ngeke ikhokhwe uma kwenzeka isimangalo.

Ukuhlelwa koMvikeli Wokuhlinzwa (okwaziwa kakhulu njengokuvikelwa kombani) kuhlolwa ngokuya nge-IEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 Ukuvikelwa Kokuvikelwa Kokuvikelwa Kwezinkomo, okufakwe emhlanganweni wokuhlukanisa. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi ihlukile. Idivaysi yokuvikelwa kwesigaba sokuqala ifakiwe phakathi kwe-0-1 yone, ephakeme ngesidingo sokugeleza, imfuneko ephansi ye-IEC 61643-31 & EN 50539-11 yi-Itotal (10/350) 12.5 Ka, neyesithathu Amazinga afakiwe phakathi kwezindawo ezi-1-2 nelezi-2-3, ikakhulukazi ukucindezela okuphezulu.

I-Surge Amadivayisi Wokuvikelwa (i-SPD) ibalulekile ekuvikeleni imishini kagesi emiphumeleni elimazayo ye-transient afvervoltage engadala ukulimala, isikhathi sokuphumula kwesistimu kanye nokulahleka kwedatha.

Ezimweni eziningi, izindleko zemishini yokubuyiselwa kwamathuluzi noma ukulungiswa kwemishini zingabaluleka, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswayo ezibucayi kwemishini ezifana nezibhedlela, izikhungo zedatha, kanye nezitshalo zezimboni.

Abaphukileyo besekethe kanye nama-fuse awenzelwe ukubhekana nale micimbi yamandla aphezulu, okwenza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kokuhlinzwa kudingekile.

Ngenkathi ama-SPD eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuphambukisela i-transvoltage ye-transquent kude nemishini, uyivikele ekulimaleni nasekutholeni isikhathi sayo sokuphila.

Ekuphetheni, i-SPD ibalulekile endaweni yesimanje yezobuchwepheshe.

Isimiso sokusebenza se-SPD

Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-SPD ukuthi sinikeza indlela ephansi yokuvimbela ukuzothathela phansi amandla aphezulu. Lapho ama-voltage spikes noma ukugaya kwenzeka, i-spds isebenza ngokuphambukisa amandla aphezulu futhi okwamanje.

Ngale ndlela, ubukhulu bamandlaltage angenayo buyehliswa ezingeni eliphephile elingalimazi idivaysi enamathiselwe.

Ukusebenza, idivaysi yokuvikela eSurge kumele ibe nengxenye eyodwa engeyona elayini (i-varistor noma i-Spark noma i-Spark Gap), okuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene eziguqukayo phakathi kwesimo esiphakeme nesiphansi.

Umsebenzi wabo ukuphambukisa ukukhipha noma ukuthambekela kwamanje nokunciphisa amandla okugcwala emishini ephansi.

Amadivayisi wokuvikela eSurge asebenza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezintathu ezibhalwe ngezansi.

A. Isimo esijwayelekile (ukungabikho kokuhlinzwa)

Uma kwenzeka kungekho zimo zokuhlinzwa, i-SPD ayinamthelela ohlelweni futhi isebenza njengomjikelezo ovulekile, ihlala isesimweni esiphakeme sokubulawa kwabantu.

B. Ngesikhathi se-Voltage Sugtage

Uma kwenzeka u-voltage spikes kanye nokugqekeza, i-SPD iqhubekela e-Conduction Status futhi ukungcola kwayo kwehle. Ngale ndlela, izovikela uhlelo ngokuphambukisa ifresse yamanje emhlabathini.

C. Buyela ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile

Ngemuva kokuthi i-Overvoltage ikhishwe, i-SPD iguqukele emuva esimweni sayo esijwayelekile sokuphazamiseka.

I-Surge Amadivayisi Wokuvikelwa (i-SPD) yizakhi ezibalulekile zamanethiwekhi kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha i-SPD efanelekile ngohlelo lwakho kungaba yinkinga enzima.

I-voltage eqhubekayo yokusebenza (UC)

I-voltage evunyelwe ye-SPD kufanele ihambisane ne-voltage yohlelo kagesi ukunikela ukuvikela okufanele ohlelweni. Isilinganiso se-voltage esiphansi sizolimaza idivaysi futhi isilinganiso esiphakeme ngeke siphazamise kahle.

Isikhathi sokuphendula

Kuchazwa njengoba isikhathi se-SPD sibhekana nezikhathi ezithile. I-SPD esheshayo iphendula, ingcono ukuvikelwa yi-SPD. Imvamisa, ama-SPD ase-Zener Diode anempendulo esheshayo. Izinhlobo ezigcwele igesi zinesikhathi sokuphendula esihamba kancane kanye namadrafu kanye nezinhlobo ze-mov zinesikhathi sokuphendula esihamba kancane.

Ukukhuphuka okungukuphakamisa kwamanje (ku)

I-SPD kufanele ihlolwe kuma-waveform angama-8/20/20

Ukukhishwa kwesilinganiso se-Impulse (iimp)

Idivayisi kumele ikwazi ukuphatha i-Super Surge yamanje elindelwe kwinethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayihluleki ngesikhathi sesehlakalo se-10 / 350μform.

Ukubopha amandla kagesi

Lokhu kungukuphakama komzimba futhi ngaphezulu kwaleli vota aleveli, i-SPD iqala ukubopha noma yimaphi ama-voltage avumela ukuthi abonakale emugqeni wamandla.

Umenzi kanye nezitifiketi

Ukukhetha i-SPD kusuka kumkhiqizi owaziwayo onesitifiketi esivela esikhungweni sokuhlola esingakhethi, njenge-ul noma i-IEC, kubalulekile. Isitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhloliwe futhi udlulise konke ukusebenza nezidingo zokuphepha.

Ukuqonda le mihlahlandlela yezandla kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe idivaysi engcono kakhulu yokuvikela eSurege ngezidingo zakho nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo okusebenzayo.

I-Surge Amadivayisi Wokuvikelwa (i-SPD) i-Extered ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile ekulweni kwe-transvoltages, kepha izici ezithile zingaholela ekwehlulekeni kwazo. Okulandelayo ezinye zezizathu eziyisisekelo ngemuva kokwehluleka kwe-SPD:

I-Testreative Power Surgs

Enye yezinto ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-SPD i-Overvoltage, i-SverVoltage ingenzeka ngenxa yokugawulwa kombani, ukugaywa kwamandla, noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kagesi. Qinisekisa ukufaka uhlobo olufanele lwe-SPD ngemuva kokubala okulungile kokuklama ngokuya ngendawo.

2.age Fictor

Ngenxa yezimo zemvelo kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, i-spds inempilo elinganiselwe eshalofini futhi ingawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SPD ingalinyazwa yi-voltage spikes ejwayelekile.

Izinkinga ze-Occonfiguration

Okuhle kakhulu, njengokuthi lapho i-SPD elungiselelwe i-Wye ixhumeke khona nomthwalo oxhumene ne-Delta. Lokhu kungadalula i-SPD kuma-voltages amakhulu, okungaphumela ekuhlulekeni kwe-SPD.

4Kuhlulekile 4)

I-SPD iqukethe izakhi eziningana, njenge-Metal Oxide Varistors (Movels), ezingahluleka ngenxa yokukhiqiza iziphambeko noma izici zezemvelo.

Isisekelo se-5.Improper

Nge-SPD ukuze isebenze kahle, kunesisekelo kuyadingeka. I-SPD ingasebenzi kahle noma kungenzeka ibe yinto ekhathazayo ukuphepha uma isekele ngokungafanele.